Cytology : The study of the cell

Hi guys you're welcome to another topic on mystudyrom my name is Holuwarseun.

Today I will be taking an exciting topic on biology which is cytology.

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In level of organization of life we have the

Cell -----> Tissue -----> Organ ------> System ------> Organism

The cell is the smallest in the level of life but it is still the most important because its only from cell we can get tissues, organs and system. Since the collection of cells form a layer called tissue and also the collection of tissues forms organs so also the collection of organs forms the system in our body and its because of the organ we are called living organisms because we can feed using our digestive system and then transport the digested food to various part of our body with the aid of our transport system and also respire using our respiratory system……cell might be the list but still the most important..

WHAT IS CYTOLOGY?

From the word cyt   we can easily guess on what we're going to be talking about today.

Cyte is a Greek word which means cell.

Logy is also a Greek word which means   study for example Biology Where bio means life and logy means study so we can say biology is the study of life.

So also cyto-logy (cell-study) this can be defined as the study of the structure fiction and composition of the cell.

So now, what is the cell?

Cell can be defined as the basic, structural and functional unit of a living organism.

The cell theory:

• Cell is the structural and functional unit of a living organism

• All living things are made up of the cell

• There is no life apart from the life of the cell

• New cell are formed from pre existing cells

• All living things are either unicellular or multicellular group of cell.

In living organism cells exists in many forms, so let's check it out

Forms which cells exist:

--> As an independent or free living organism e.g. Amoeba

--> As a colony e.g.  volvox

--> As a filament e.g.  Spirogyra

--> As a part of living organisms e.g.  rods and cones.

Structure  of  the  cell.

  The structure of the cell is given as seen under the light microscope and we are going to see for both plant and animal.

For Animals:

• It is bounded by a thin cell membrane known as the plasma membrane

• It is spherical and contain nucleus

• It has a cytoplasm surrounding it

For plants:

• it is bounded by a thick cellulose cell wall

• It is rectangular in shape with nucleus

• It also has a large vacuole which contains the cell sap.

  Classification of cell:

Cell can be classified into two distinct classes namely:

Prokaryotic cell e.g. bacteria and

Eukaryotic cell e.g. fungi plant and animals

What is or are the differences between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?

The prokaryotic cell consists of the cell membrane, chromosome and cell wall while the eukaryotic cell consists of chromosome, cell membrane, nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear membrane and the internal membrane.

The eukaryotic cell is found in living organisms.

Now let's see a list of the people who contributed to the study of the cell

 - Robert Hooke the father of the cell.

  He discovered the cell and also named them as CELL.

Matthias scheilden

He discovered that the body of plant is made up of cell

Felix Dujardin

He discovered that the cell is made up of substance called the protoplasm

Theodor Schwann

He discovered that the body of animals is made up of cell

Rudolf Von Virchow

He concluded in his research that new cells are formed from pre existing cells.

   SOME IMPORTANT STRUCTURE OF THE CELL AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Nucleus:

It controls all the activities of the cell and are usually enclosed in the nuclear envelope.

Cell wall:

It protects the internal organs in the cell

Cell membrane:

It regulated the inward and outward movement of substances in the cell

Cytoplasm:

Many organic and inorganic substances are dissolved in it.

Golgi bodies:

Helps in the synthesis, packaging and distribution of materials within the cell

Lysosomes

It acts as sites for respiratory enzymes

Ribosomes

Helps  in protein synthesis.

Vacuole

It is a part of the cell and where materials are stored

Mitochondria

It is also called the power house of the  because it is where energy is made.  it is also known as the site of respiration

Chloroplasts

This is where photosynthesis occurs. Sunlight is turned into food here and they contains the ll……..e chlorophyll helps in photosynthesis

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Provides   pathways for proteins and other materials to move around the cell.

Question of the day
• What occurs in the mitochondrion
• Which energy is released in the mitochondrion

Post your answers in the comment section below...

So guys I will stop here for today and I hope it helped. And please don’t forget to follow my page and also subscribe to receive notification as I post new topics.

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  Thanks

 Holuwarseun…